Computer Structure: One might think that computer works and understand like humans, but this is not true. It has its own language, working style and procedures. Computer use HDD to store data and a main memory to manipulate and process that data. Before the processing of data it is known as raw data but after processing it becomes information, and that is what humans need. This process of processing data between human and computer language is best described by von Neumann architecture.
von Neumann architecture: It was described by a person name von Neumann. It is the best way to know how computer cycle of fetching, decoding and executing works. the main three components hat work together are CPU, Main-memory, and I/O (input and output).
FETCH: The control unit fetches the next information to be processed from main memory through program counter to determine where data is located.
DECODE: The information is decoded into a form that ALU (Arithmetic logic unit) can understand.
EXECUTE: First the processed data is saved in Registers (part of CPU) and then it is displayed on the output.
This process or architecture has 7 layers on which it works.
Layer 6 (user view): This layer contains all the GUI's and software's.
Layer 5 (High level languages): This layer deals with the programming languages which are used to write level 6 programs for users to understand.
Level 4 (Assembly language): uses assembler as a tool to understand level 5 instructions.
Level 3 (System software): contains operating system to protect and control data processing. where compilers,assemblers and interpreters are used to translate the code into machine language.
Level 2 (Machine): on this level every instruction is understood by the computer chips and can now easily be calculated or processed.
Level 1 (Control unit): controls data flow, manages the new instructions coming and decode and executes instructions.
Level 0 (Digital Logic): contains all the physical parts of computer system like chips and gates etc.
this process always go from layer 6 to layer 0 and viceversa.
DECODE: The information is decoded into a form that ALU (Arithmetic logic unit) can understand.
EXECUTE: First the processed data is saved in Registers (part of CPU) and then it is displayed on the output.
This process or architecture has 7 layers on which it works.
Layer 6 (user view): This layer contains all the GUI's and software's.
Layer 5 (High level languages): This layer deals with the programming languages which are used to write level 6 programs for users to understand.
Level 4 (Assembly language): uses assembler as a tool to understand level 5 instructions.
Level 3 (System software): contains operating system to protect and control data processing. where compilers,assemblers and interpreters are used to translate the code into machine language.
Level 2 (Machine): on this level every instruction is understood by the computer chips and can now easily be calculated or processed.
Level 1 (Control unit): controls data flow, manages the new instructions coming and decode and executes instructions.
Level 0 (Digital Logic): contains all the physical parts of computer system like chips and gates etc.
this process always go from layer 6 to layer 0 and viceversa.